The Negative Consequences of Deforestation

Earth without forests is a picture that most of human-kind presently could not conceive. Forests cover much of the planet†s land area. They are extremely important to humans and the natural world. However, deforestation has been consuming our forests. Deforestation brings about a lot of unexpected effects on the earth and results in many negative consequences. â€Å"If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world†s rain forests will vanish within 100 years-causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet,† according to NASA†s Earth Observatory. Deforestation increases the greenhouse effect and accelerates global warming. It also causes erosion, and the silting of lakes or rivers is caused by soil erosion. The same source claims that deforestation is very hard to be stopped because â€Å"the causes of deforestation are very complex. † There are several reasons why this current trend exists. Deforestation occurs in many ways. People destroy or degrade forests because, for them, the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. Underlying causes include such issues as poverty, unequal land ownership, women†s status, education and the explosive growth of the population. Immediate causes are often concerned with a search for land and resources, including both commercial timber and fuelwood. One of the main indirect causes of deforestation is poverty, particularly poverty in rural areas. Although poverty is not a â€Å"principal cause† of deforestation, it is a living condition that the majority of people in this world must endure. While greed and power can be the motivations of some groups in society that deforest, survival and the desire to escape from poverty is what drives most people. Poverty is not only the socioeconomic environment that limits people†s economic options, damages health but also reduces income generating opportunities. It is an underlying condition that facilitates deforestation. There is some evidence from the industrialized countries of the North that suggests as societies become more economically secure they reach a point where the economic development pressures that drive deforestation are replaced by a growing environmental concern and a greater appreciation of environmental values. However, for most developing countries that point is off in the far distant future. Most tropical countries are very poor by U. S standards, and farming is a basic way of life for a large part of the population. According to NASA†s article, in Brazil, for example, â€Å"the average annual earnings per person is U. S. $5400, compared to $26,980 per person is the United States (World Bank, 1998)†, and in Bolivia, â€Å"which holds part of the Amazon rain forest, the average earnings per person is $800. † The rural poor have very few options. There are few prospects of off-farm employment in either the urban centers or the rural areas. Illiteracy further limits the options of many because they do not have the basic tools needed to pursue other economic alternatives to subsistence farming. With few alternatives available to them, the rural poor consider forests as a short-term solution to their economic problems. Deforestation happens as a result of poverty. More important than that, commercial logging is considered as the major direct cause of deforestation. NASA†s Earth Observatory asserts that â€Å"logging can occur selectively-where only the economically valuable species are cut or by clearcutting, where all the trees are cut. † The forces of large global markets for wood and wood products drive the scale of logging activities. Logging in the tropics does not in any way resemble scientific forestry and is often characterized by a â€Å"cut-and-get-out† mentality in logging companies. Forestry uses science and management skills to manipulate the natural vegetation to favor the long term production of a selected number of goods and services. In contrast, most tropical logging involves the short term exploitation of only industrial wood products with no eye to the future of the forests. The intensity of logging in Asia†s forests is much higher than in the forests found in America or Europe. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates: â€Å"About half the land area of South America and Europe is covered by forest, but only one-sixth of Asia's land is forested. † And â€Å"a study in Indonesia found that when only 3% of the trees were cut, a logging operation damaged 49% of the trees in the forest,† as the article from NASA has noted. In addition, at the national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects, to pay international debt, or to develop industry. The logging companies seek to harvest the forest and make profit from the sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods such as mahogany. They use heavy machinery, such as bulldozers, road graders, and log skidders, to remove cut trees and build roads, â€Å"which is just as damaging to a forest overall as the chainsaws are to the individual trees,† according to the same source from NASA. Logging is done because of profits. Not only individual lumberjacks but also logging companies seek material advantage. Therefore, any country that does not have a suitable forest management will gain a higher level of deforestation by commercial logging. As we have seen, the causes of deforestation are very complex. Knowing the main indirect and direct causes help us improve our understanding of the causes and also the effects of climatic and environmental change, so that we may become more effective and efficient managers of our natural resources, as well as mitigate potential impacts from natural disasters.

Keynesian school of Macroeconomic

Keynesian school of Macroeconomic thought appeals to me the most. Therefore, it is necessary to outline its main ideas related to monetary and fiscal policy. It is important to know that this theory is based on ideas of famous British economist John Keynes and it is rooted in the 20th century. Keynesian economy claims that mixed economy is the best type of managing fiscal and monetary policies, where special attention is paid to private sector and state. Keynesians doesn’t think that both state and private sector should operate on their own and, therefore, their policy differs significantly from laissez-faire economy. Such idea is the most appealing to me, because I think that every sector should be under thorough control. (Blinder 2003)The next moment to mention is that Keynesians believe macro-level trends are able to dominate over the micro-level of individual behavior. In contrast to classical theory, Keynesians promote an idea that aggregate demand for good is of great im portance in economy and is its main driving force. Speaking about fiscal and monetary policies, Keynesians aim at raising saving in order to lower the demand for labor and products. For example, they stated that there were many ways for the government to ensure effective management of national economy.Instead of paying attention to unbalanced budgets, Keynesian theory suggests countercyclical fiscal policies, â€Å"which acted against the tide of the business cycle: deficit spending when a nation’s economy suffers from recession or when recovery is long-delayed and unemployment is persistently high†. (Blinder 2003) Therefore, the government should solve short-term problems. Also Keynesians think that fiscal stimulus or deficit spending may actuate production. Rather interesting idea is that government should be complementary. And fiscal expansion is possible only in case of slack in labor market.However, Keynesian theory is criticized because of unbalanced view of mone tary policy. For example, it is suggested that their approach to economy is rather collectivist which requires centralized planning and, in such a way, it may lead to totalitarian abuses. Keynesians are more concerned with considerations instead of executing. (Blinder 2003)ReferencesBlinder, Alan. (2003). Keynesian Economics. Retrieved February 15, 2007, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html

PPP answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PPP answers - Essay Example Each subsequent slide is clear in handling just one sub-topic relevant to financial analysis. When each slide depicts a single sub-topic, the presenter manages to show the distinction in each step. Good flow and articulation of points from one sub-topic to the other is evident. The second aspect the power point presentation is that slides clearly express what McKesson Corporation presenter intends to convey. The slides directly focus on the financial analysis and emphasizes on key information. Graphical representations mainly have color variations that show audience the differences in lines used for each variable. MCK, for instance, is outstanding in red color. Consequently, audience can easily make a comparison and relate variables in the graph. In addition, related variables occupy one slide for easy comparison. For example, variables of profitability such as Return on equity, Gross profit margin and Return on total assets have one slide for an easy relationship. Another outstanding quality observed is that the slides do not contain unnecessary clipart and unuseful generic photographs. The third aspect is that presenter has remained careful enough to avoid redundancy at the expense of precision in his power point presentation by not using obvious remarks. PowerPoint presentation has carefully avoided overused business terms. Use of new uncommon business terms help audience to avoid getting bored and presentation becoming monotonous. The power point presentation of McKesson Corporation, however, has excess information in every slide apart from the first two. As a result, it becomes difficult for audience to retrieve vital information during the presentation. Moreover, some of the audiences fail to see clearly the contents of power point slides. Small texts in the slides may disadvantage those audiences with blurred vision and shortsightedness. When preparing the slides, information in each of them should not be too many that

The Importance of the Employees Perception of Job Satisfaction Research Paper

The Importance of the Employees Perception of Job Satisfaction - Research Paper Example Benchmarks for evaluation of success can be defined by an organisational increase in retention of employees compared to past trends in the facility, with an increase in employee engagement of facility compared to past trends. The recommendation is to focus on the team and individual development to ensure that employees become fully engaged within their function and as team members. Therefore, by triangulating interviews and surveys from employee and management staff based on motivation, engagement, rewards and recognition, this, research will be able to identify weaknesses in the call centre with the ultimate purpose of making recommendations to improve job tenure. The employee's perception of job satisfaction, motivation and staff turnover will allow for evidence to suggest and identify the correlation between key points in managing employees to develop a continuous, stabilised workforce for Company A. This will lend to an affirmation on the importance of employee motivation in job satisfaction and a stronger understanding of ways in which motivation can lower employee turnover. Lowering employee turnover will, in turn, lower costs in training and development. The focus of the research based on the previous literature review and empirical evidence from Company A is to describe employee perceptions and managerial behaviours in relation to employee retention. ... Employee retention is a valid objective of any company, as the literature has shown. This is also relative to understanding the correlation between job satisfaction and staff turnover. These are strongly influenced by employee motivation and job satisfaction.  

Survey and ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Survey and ethical - Essay Example It addresses a problem by asking what, deals with a specific population as who, apply systematic concepts in the form of how and is carried out within a given geographical coverage which defines where (Goodwin 480-1). Survey therefore solves a problem through a collective engagement of who, what, how and where. Ethics is a set of socially defined rules that guide the behavior and conduct of people in the society. It is important to note that ethics is specific to a given group of people and governs the better part of the interpersonal relations. The link between ethics and survey comes when dealing with people to carry out a specified goal. Any survey must be done alongside a specified code of ethics and practice. Ethics require that respondents are given content, sponsorship, and purpose of the survey so that each can make informed judgment of either participating or otherwise. Confidentiality or anonymity assurance to the respondents constitutes ethical standards (Goodwin 482-4). The sponsors of the survey must also be given clear information on any possible hitches so that they are aware of any possible errors hence elimination of

Proverbs Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proverbs Paper - Essay Example Since money is a measure of wealth according to Barnes (2007) and Whybray (1990), one needs to work hard to get wealthy. Otherwise, according to Proverbs 18:13 (New International Version), the lazy people who love sleep grow poor. Those that shun from sleep and work hard get more to even save. With the growth in one’s wealth so does such a person’s power also increase. This explains why â€Å"the rich rule over the poor† and the borrower becomes the lender’s slave (Proverbs 22:7). Nonetheless, with this money comes responsibility. First, the need for wisdom, to make appropriate investment decisions, has been informed by Proverbs 18:21 which note that the inheritance claimed sooner than it should does not attract blessings. In the same way, withdrawing from investments before maturity denies the investor desirable returns. Secondly, with money comes the need to share with the society because even if firms avoid corporate social responsibility, Proverbs 28:8 insinuates that the shareholders for whom profits are sought would give back to the society. How to Conduct Oneself in Business and Trade Business and trade conduct requires an exhibition of competence coupled with respect for authorities, integrity and honesty for the prosperity of business plans. Proverbs 19:8; 21:5 and 22:29 allude to the fact that prosperity in business requires businesspeople to be diligent and equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge. In fact, these verses acknowledge that such persons interact with the prosperous people in the society and not the low-ranking persons. According to Friedman and Birnbaum (2013), these successful business people should respect authorities just as Proverbs 22:4 requires one to humble before the Lord so as to get riches, honor and life. Respect would see the business prosper and achieve sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals. Even so, such riches should be acquired honestly as this assures of sustainability of t he resultant gains, and moreover, the Lord detests dishonesty (Proverbs 10:9; 10:26). It therefore means that one should earn the fruits of hard work. Business has no place for sluggards as they bring no gains. Proverbs 12:27 observes that such persons have nothing to roast while those that work hard have plenty to roast. The Offering and Acceptance of Bribes The reason why bribery is given in secrecy is because it is unethical with the perpetrators being foolish to know that they do not have to bribe to get their desired outcomes. In fact, Proverbs 17:23 indicates that bribery is for the wicked who seek to pervert justice. They are fools to think that the only way to succeed is by giving bribes. Seconded by Barnes (2007), Proverbs 17:16 appreciates the lack of understanding among such people who think that they could buy wisdom. In the business world, the practice could be common, but Proverbs 14:12 warns that even though this could appear to be right, it could lead to failure. Thi s failure does not discriminate as even well established businesses fall down because of bribery. Even those that think of themselves as being successful through such acts do not manage to sustain their success. View of Work Work should be considered as a source of prosperity in life and should therefore be done with commitment and unity. Those that work, and specifically work hard, realize positive gains. On the contrary, those that forfeit working end up in poverty (Proverbs 14:23). Lifestyle points out to one’

LAW AND CONTRACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LAW AND CONTRACT - Essay Example A partnership business is one which is run by two or more people together. An agreement in writing is required that clearly states the terms and conditions on how to run the business without harming the interest of either of the parties. The sharing of the company profits would be either equal distribution or according to the terms that are given in the written legal agreement. Also the liabilities are also shared in the same manner as the profits. With the Limited Liability Partnerships Act, partners can profit from limited liability and reap tax advantages. The liability protection of the corporation is the major advantage of the owners of a Limited Liability company. A limited liability company is a separate entity which is similar to a corporation. The members cannot be in any way held responsible for any sort of liabilities unless they agree upon by signing a personal guarantee. Companies having a limited liability have varied options for distribution of profits. The profit distribution need not be 50-50 like partnership firms. Flexibility in the distribution of profits is higher for limited liability companies. In the United Kingdom, the Companies House is the one that is responsible for the registration of a company. Prior to the formation of a company as a private limited entity, it is compulsory that the firm registers with the Companies House. A) Merits of Purchasing Freehold or Leasehold Property - Leasehold property purchase is believed to be a smart real estate. Leasehold property means the property is owned by the buyer for a set number of years, as specified in the lease agreement. There is always a chance of earning substantial profit in a leasehold deal. In a long-term lease option, there are three profit centers for the investor. They are option money, monthly cash flow and back end profit. The buyer would pay only the ground rent and will enjoy by owning the property and the land on which the property stands outright. B) Usual repair Covenant for Leasehold property - The terms of a lease agreement are generally treated as covenants even where the agreement is not made by deed. Indeed, a lease of duration less than three years need not even be made in writing, and certain covenants will be held to exist. The basic principle is that when a covenant for repair exists and when the same is breached, the offended party has the right to recover damages for their loss, provided it is an actual loss but not a hypothetical one. The following covenants are required by the landlord for any lease, even a weekly tenancy granted

War in Afghanistan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War in Afghanistan - Research Paper Example That is what the point of this research is: to find out how relevant the war really is today. II. Subjects for Study According to Hersh (2004), "A report for the United Nations Development Program...stated that the nation was in danger of once again becoming 'a terrorist breeding ground' [if they did not receive more development aid]" (p. 145). This paper will basically focus upon 30 individuals. The number thirty is chosen because that is a statistically significant number. The subjects which are most likely to be chosen will probably be a mixture. People will be from different ethnic backgrounds. People to be surveyed will be from different races. They will be, most likely, from the city and the suburbs. People to be surveyed will be married, single, and divorced. Ages of survey participants will range from 18 years to 80 years, on average. No one younger than 18 will be surveyed due to ethical considerations, which will be discussed more in the next section. Additionally, it is probably highly likely that no one over age 80 will be surveyed due to the fact that there might not that many older people to survey. Basically, people are going to be asked those three questions. A survey will be given. The results will be tallied. The research will be presented in the form of graphs. III. Ethical Considerations The ethical considerations of the research are many. The interviewer will have to make sure that it is okay with the people being interviewed to be asked these opinions. Additionally, people might feel frustrated with the war. According to Schroen (2005), "The debate continued over the fate of Kabul and how to deal with... According to Hersh (2004), "A report for the United Nations Development Program...stated that the nation was in danger of once again becoming 'a terrorist breeding ground' [if they did not receive more development aid]" (p. 145). No one younger than 18 will be surveyed due to ethical considerations, which will be discussed more in the next section. Additionally, it is probably highly likely that no one over age 80 will be surveyed due to the fact that there might not that many older people to survey. Additionally, people might feel frustrated with the war. According to Schroen (2005), "The debate continued over the fate of Kabul and how to deal with the Northern Alliance. The lack of focus in [the main] bombing campaign was of concern, becauseefforts to date seemed to be having little impact on the Taliban forces and their willingness and ability to fight" (p. 302). The way the Taliban came to power is a complex issue. According to Rashid (2000), "between 1994 and the capture of Kabul in 1996, the Taliban's decision-making process was to change and become highly centralized, secretive, dictatorial, and inaccessibleMoreover after 1996, the Taliban made known their desire to become the sole rulers of Afghanistan without the participation of other groups" (p. 95). According to Fiscus (2004), "America's greatest problem was finding targets in Afghanistan.

E-Commerce systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

E-Commerce systems - Essay Example Each functional area is supported by the information system. Information system in which computer technology is used called Computer based information system. Some are being mentioned below: Information technology is used as a synonym of computer networks and computers. Information technology refers to the application of computer programs and telecommunication equipments that is done to pile up, manipulate, retrieve and convey data. According to Alter (2012) information technology is obliging for the improvement of internal processes, reduce cost, minimize waste, and decrease extra activities and increase development of product. Information technology provides support in marketing and selling processes. With the increasing use of internet and online activities, a new form of has emerged in the recent years. This is termed as online business or ebusiness or E-commerce business. E-business and e-commerce is used as synonym of each other, their distinction can be seen through the detailed study. E-commerce is considered a sub set of E-business. E-business is the usage of technologies in order to improve different business processes (Combe, 2012). E-business includes the management of internal and external processes for instance internal processes include administration, financial and human resource systems; and external processes include customer relationship, supply of services and goods, and marketing and sale activities. The utilization of internet, intranet and extranet is done through e-business for the empowerment of commercial processes (Ashrut, 2012). Combe (2012) stated that through Information technological development (formation of World Wide Web, hypertext transfer protocol and text mark language) consumers and businesses both are having several benefits such as the demand of businesses especially e-businesses is increasing rapidly. Through

Annual Report on Vodafone Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Annual Report on Vodafone - Statistics Project Example The dynamics within the global telecommunication and IT market have had a great influence on the company’s progress hence the variation in its sales, profits and income and an analysis of these results will help identify some of these effects and also their extent. The data we are analyzing was collected from the annual financial reports of Vodafone published between 1998 and 2013. The information on sales, cost and profits was collected and used for statistical analysis. In this study, the time period is the variable in all cases and the sales, profit and cost data acts as the observation. The data is collected from the internet which is a secondary source of information. It is quantitative data and can be described as being continuous in nature since its values can be counted. The data about all the three variables is collected on quarterly basis ranging from the second quarter on 31st march 1998 to the last quarter in 31st September 2013. Analysis of this data will involve application of the different measures of central tendency including mean, median and mode; the measures of spread and the measures of dispersion which will show how the data is distributed. A forecasting of the future trends will be applied on the results obtains and will be used to predict the future trends. The graph above shows that sales increase with time but the increase is not linear. The trend line is not a smooth curve hence showing that there is no strong relationship between the variables. The quarterly sales increase from left to right and from the graph; we can gather that the sales depreciate at some instance with the peak being reached within the most recent quarters. The graph above shows that the behavior across the time;ine is not uniformly trending hence the curve is not a smooth linear curve. The costs show a great range of fluctuation thereby resulting in a jagged

George Eastman Essay Example for Free

George Eastman Essay George Eastman is best remembered for his very significant invention which is the Kodak camera. Through his invention, he made photography easy and inexpensive to people. Although George Eastman was a dropout from school, he was able to support his mother and his two sisters, one of whom was severely handicapped . His father died early when he was 14, which is why he had to drop from school. He then worked in an insurance company and then in a local bank where he served as a clerk. Using his ability and creative mind, he invented the first camera which was powered by a roll film. A few years later, he successfully directed his own Eastman Kodak Company. His exposure in photography started when he was 24 when he planned to visit Sto. Domingo together with his co-worker. Before the vacation, he was advised to record their trip so he prepared photographic outfits and materials that are big and complicated. From there, he concentrated in making the long process of photography simple while he was employed as a clerk. After three years, he was able to finish his dry plate formula and patented machines for producing more plates and sold it to photographers . However, his business collapsed when he had to replace dry plates which were destroyed. Afterwards, he used lighter and more flexible support than glass . More developments followed when he used the coat of photogrphic emulsion on paper and loaded it in a roll holder . He again changed the paper into a transparent roll film and roll holder and the first roll film camera was devised. Various advertisements of his work ensued. In 1888, the Kodak camera was formally introduced and his statement, â€Å"you press the button, we do the rest† became a well- known phrase . His ingenuity has made the usually expensive photography available to all. Aside from that, George Eastman is known also as a philanthropist for giving away his fortune. One of his great contributions is the Rochester Institute of Technology . Bibliography George Eastman (2008) Kodak http://www. kodak. com/US/en/corp/kodakHistory/eastmanTheMan. shtml at 4 June See also studymoose.com/friendship-speech-essay

Mathematical Learning in the Early Years

Mathematical Learning in the Early Years Introduction This is a well known fact that the early years of a childs life are very important in terms of their emotional and social development, their general well being and their intellectual, emotional and physical growth. Almost all the children develop at different paces and what they learn takes place in the first three to five years of life. The environment of home is very important in the development of a child in the early childhood. Most of the people think that this is a time when children are most ready and open to learning experiences and a high quality care. The government has developed a policy for the early years that especially focuses on providing a comprehensive range of services for children, specially the very young ones. The policy involves the integration of early years with childcare provision. This policy enables children to build on throughout their entire life and it provides a positive foundation for childrens early development. The high quality care provision in the early years also provides parents with peace of mind and allows them to balance work and family life. This paper will outline the most important elements in the education, training and development of a child the early years of his life. Beginning with a general overview of the early years sector role modeling, pedagogys of play and inclusive practice will be examined as elements that are vital to the education, training and development of those wishing to work in early years education. The Labour Government which was formed in 1996 used as its pre election catch-phrase the words ‘education, education, education. Since that time things have improved in some areas. In 1996 the labour government policy has been promoting a series of educational reforms. As a result in 1998 the National Childcare Strategy was launched. Four year old children, whose parents require it, the course is very vital in the early years of education. There has also been a growth in the proportion of two y ear old children in part-time early years education. These places are available in centers of primary schools in a number of settings through pre-school to authority nurseries settings like the one offered by the Pre-School Learning Alliance. In 1998 Early Years Development set up in each local authority to promote the expansion of early years education. Numeracy Literacy is to language as numeracy is to mathematics. They both represent a different means of communication which is very important to our civilized life. Both literacy and numeracy are on the decline in the United States of America. There are a lot of differences in form and structure; both in natural language and mathematical language are very powerful tools for representation, description and communication. The use of numeracy is very important for a nation expecting to compete in a global economy. On the other hand the natural language is ambiguous, redundant and concrete and the mathematical language is abstract, precise and concise, precise, and abstract. Full expression of vision and thoughts and visions requires the richness of both mathematical language and the natural. Yin and yang, literacy and numeracy are the example of human communication. Mathematics very basic and core subject in child education. All over the world the I Q tests include an assessment based on the sy stem of numeracy and therefore it is very important component of our lives. Mathematical Learning in the Early Years Learning about numbers in early years of our life is very important in developing positive attitudes about mathematics at an early age. Special methods will assist children to develop early numeracy skills. These methods will need to include the use of engaging and motivating materials that children can manipulate. Young children need to experience a lot of doing before written numerals will make sense. As early as 1 year of age, many children will start saying the words one, two and three, etc. But they do understand that the number refers a set of items or just an item At this stage, children do not have number correspondence. Concepts That Help Young Children Children should be engaged in a variety of measurement concepts which is a great beginning. Children enjoy telling us that they are elder than their brother or sister or taller than the cupboard. Young children will also develop thinking that they have more in their cup because the fact that their cup is taller. We all should support this language because it needs to be promoted and children need parental guidance to help with the misconceptions of these concepts through experimentation. You can start from a bathtub which is a great starting point, using different types of plastic cups and containers. At this age, perception will guide the child and they do not have any other strategies to guide them in determining which is heavier or lighter or has more or less etc. through playing techniques a day care provider or a parent can provide great learning experiences to assist young childrens misconceptions. The Impact of Mathematics on our daily lives If someone dont know about how to change and understand completely then it means he or she is not fit to learn anything. Whatever profession you choose in our lives we have to learn mathematics because we all need it to excel in our daily lives. You must have it to get a high paying job. For example cooking, you have to measure different ingredients and pour them in correctly. It requires you to measure lengths and draw them. Pressing the numbers on the cute and tiny toy that our mother had bought for us through good experience, if you are going on shopping or just doing math problems you have to use mathematics everywhere you go, to make sure that you are using the right measuring unit. When we look around ourselves we see that Math is everywhere in our daily lives. If you dont then you might mess up your project that you are cooking. Like dessert, using Math does a body good. Math is all around us and that we do need it in our daily lives. Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Childs Learning All the children born and live not only in a society but also in a specific part of it, and are therefore, influenced by particular subcultures of race, religion, and class, as well as by specific groups such as friends and family. Almost all the children during their lifetime, they continually encounter changing or new things and conditions, both social and personal , and must learn to handle all the changes. The most important socialization occurs during infancy and childhood, when the foundations of later personality are laid. Whether a child shy or ongoing, average or intellectually advanced, or depends on many unique influences effects are difficult to predict at the childs birth. There are many different factors that influence child development. It includes every aspect of cognitive, physical, emotional and personality development. Peer groups or family members, the community and the school environment, influence deeply on how the child will socialize, think and become self awa re. In many parts of the world the impact of socio-cultural factors on the personality development of adolescents. After studying major socio-cultural factors that affect the children personality we came to know the factors which are identified as important determinants of child personality are parents education, their economic conditions , family structure and family size, peer group, childrens socialization level, school environment, parents involvement level in extra curricular activities and childrens day to day activities and government policies. There are many recommendations that are proposed which focus on parents reasonability towards child education, governments role in providing equal quality education to all classes of children compared emphasizing on improving parent, teacher and children relationships. This study also highlighted and suggested areas of further research. Subject having potential to be studied individually. Moreover, the role of media and other new emerging sources of mass communication should also be investigated. More studies on childrens psychology gives understand ing to better personality development of children. Nurturing children in the best way is the key to attain broader objective of building an educated, well behaved society and nation and this objective can be achieved through conducting research on children psychology. The Use of Calculators in Schools In our country, students use calculators for their schoolwork. But many people oppose this idea because they believe that the childs basic arithmetic skills would suffer badly. This remains they major disagreement about the importance of the ability to perform calculations. Some curricula restricting calculator use until a certain level of proficiency has been obtained, on the other hand some experts concentrate more on teaching problem-solving and estimation techniques. According to this research suggests that inadequate guidance in the use of calculating tools can restrict the kind of mathematical thinking that students are engage in. One theory says that calculator use can even cause core mathematical skills to atrophy, or that such use can prevent understanding of advanced algebraic concepts. There are some other concerns also, for instance, a pupil can use the calculator in the wrong manner but he thinks that the answer is correct because that was the result given by a calculator. Teachers try to counter this by encouraging all the students to learn to make an estimate of the result manually and ensuring it roughly, after that they can agree with the calculators result. Rote Learning Rote learning is the way of learning in a very short time; for example, when learning the Arabic alphabet or lists of words. In the same manner when learning the conjugation of irregular verbs, the morphology is often too subtle to be learned explicitly in a short time. However, as in the alphabet example, learning where the alphabet came from may help one to grasp the concept of it and therefore memorize it. Rote Learning and Mathematics Teaching mathematics by rote learning method is an ineffective and outdated way of teaching. Rote learning completely relies on learners remembering and reciting lists of information. The thing which is not taught in rote learning is the full rounded understanding of the subject. That is the reason why you should never use rote for learning mathematics. If you are unfamiliar with the term rote learning it is embodied in the chanting of facts that used to occur in classrooms: 13=3, 25=5, 37=7 and so on. Some times we see that the children these facts smoothly and perfectly. But the fact is that if you took the numbers out of order or changed them around it became clear that the understanding of what these numbers actually mean has not been learned. For instance, if a child had just learnt their three times table they would know that 94=28 but if asked what 39= they would often say they had not done their 9 times table yet. This shows that the words had been learned but understanding h ad not been achieved. That is the main reason that children should never go for rote learning. If your childrens teacher or school is teaching in this way you should question it. It is not good for childrens leaning and will not inspire them to want to learn more. The ideal teaching session should leave learners wanting to know more, inspired and interested. Rote learning is more likely to lead to boredom frustration and inadequate knowledge of the subject. Contextual and Categorical Thinking in Young Children The circular thinking in children facilitates educational choices and supports collaboration. But it makes the disability categories difficult to understand especially when taken out of context. Today we know that the disability categories are mainly the products of social process. Some times being identified as belonging to a category and thus receiving additional resources which can also mean discrimination.

Analysing The Hellenization Of Christianity Religion Essay

Analysing The Hellenization Of Christianity Religion Essay At the time of the Early EkklÄâ€Å"sia there was an ongoing conflict between Hebrew Judaism and Hellenic Judaism. The Maccabean war of independence, fought through to 139 BCE, wasnt just about foreign rule, but also about those Jews embracing Hellenism, a civil war, as it were, between Orthodox and Hellenistic Judaism. Hellenic Judaism was the fusing and harmonization of Greek philosophy and Judaism, where the practices of both Jewish exegesis and Stoic philosophy were followed. Those propagating this Hellenistic Philosophy included the Jewish philosopher Philoi of Alexandria (20 BCE 50 CE ). Hellenistic Philosophy, as espoused by Philo, was enthusiastically received by the early Gentile Christians, some of whom saw him as a cryptic Christian. Some today believe his concept of the Logosii as Gods creative principle influenced early Christology.iii Mainstream Judaism rejecting Hellenistic currents eventually (at the Council of Jamnia in 90 CE) prohibited the use of the Septuagintiv, leaving the Masoreticv as the only authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible. Antecedent to this, the Apostolic Decree of circa 48 CE (Acts 15) allowing converts to forgo circumcision made Christianity a more attractive option for interested Pagans than Pharisaic/Rabbinic Judaism which, in response to this quickly-growing Netzarim Judaism, instituted an even more stringent circumcision procedure in response. Hellenistic Judaism continue in existence until Constantine adopted Christianity as the official State religion. Remaining currents of Hellenistic Judaism in all probability, as would be expected, merged into gnostic movements in the early centuries CE. The Hellenization of Christianity was a complex interaction between Hellenistic philosophy and early Christianity during the first four centuries of the Common Era. The initial conflict between these two modes of thought is recorded in scripture; in Pauls encounters with Epicurean and Stoic philosophers in Acts 17:18, his diatribe against Greek philosophy in 1st Corinthians 1:18-31, and his warning against philosophy in Colossians 2:8vi. Over time, however, as Christianity spread throughout the Hellenic world, an increasing number of church leaders were educated in Greek philosophy. The dominant philosophical traditions of the Greco-Roman world at the time were Stoicism, Platonism, and Epicureanism. Of these, Stoicism and particularly Platonism were readily incorporated into Christian ethics and theology. Philos blend of Judaism, Platonism, and Stoicismvii strongly influenced Christian Alexandrian writers like Origen and Clement of Alexandria, as well as, in the Latin world, Ambrose of Milan. Clement of Alexandria, early Christian writer of the second and early third century, demonstrated Greek thought in writing: Philosophy has been given to the Greeks as their own kind of Covenant, their foundation for the philosophy of Christ the philosophy of the Greeks contains the basic elements of that genuine and perfect knowledge which is higher than human even upon those spiritual objects. (Miscellanies 6. 8) The Church historian Eusebius, c. 263-339 CE, suggested, essentially, that Greek philosophy had been supplied providentially as a preparation for the Gospel. Augustine of Hippo, who ultimately systematized Christian philosophy, wrote in the 4th and early fifth century: But when I read those books of the Platonists I was taught by them to seek incorporeal truth, so I saw your invisible things, understood by the things that are made. (Confessions 7. 20). This Greek pagan philosophy, now deeply entrenched and mixed within Christian theology, has persisted through the centuries becoming the foundation of Western thought and culture. Many today often blindly view the founding fathers of the United States as purely Christian. One of the most common statements from the Religious Right is that they want this country to; return to the Christian principles on which it was founded. However, even a little research into American history will show that this statement is unfounded and based on a false premise. The men responsible for building the foundation of the United States had little use for Christianity, and many were strongly opposed to it. They were men of The Enlightenment, not men of Christianity. They were Deistsviii who did not believe the bible was inspired truth. Indubitably, the US Constitution is a masterpiece of civil law providing for, among other things, the protection of religious beliefs against Governmental intrusion allowing the free exercise thereof, while at the same time wonderfully preventing the establishment of religious domination via state sanctioned religion. It was the latter of these two concepts that most concerned the signers of the Declaration of Independence and Framers of the Constitution, with but tolerance of the former. They wanted to ensure that no single religion could make the claim of being the official, national religion, such as was the case in England. The cultural climate of the time was one in which freedom from the religious domination of the Church of England and Catholicism was desired by the masses, which provided a perfect habitat for those of the Enlightenment. The 1796 treaty with Tripoli states that the United States was in no sense founded on the Christian religion. This was not an idle statement, meant to satisfy Muslims they believed it and meant it. This treaty was written under the presidency of George Washington and signed under the presidency of John Adams. None of the Founding Fathers were known atheists. Most were Deists, which is to say they thought the universe had a creator, but that he does not concern himself with the daily lives of humans, and does not directly communicate with humans, either by revelation or by sacred books. They spoke often of God, (Natures God or the God of Nature), but this was not the God of the Bible. They did not deny that there was a person called Jesus, and praised him for his benevolent teachings, but they flatly denied his divinity. These Founders of the Constitution were students of the European Enlightenmentix. Thomas Jefferson author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, historian, philosopher, plantation owner, and founder of the University of Virginia voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. He also in his writings voiced his beliefs: As you say of yourself, I too am an Epicurian. I consider the genuine (not the imputed) doctrines of Epicurus as containing everything rational in moral philosophy which Greece and Rome have left us. Epictetus indeed, has given us what was good of the stoics; I take the liberty of observing that you are not a true disciple of our master Epicurus, in indulging the indolence to which you say you are yielding. One of his canons, you know, was that the indulgence which prevents a greater pleasure, or produces a greater pain, is to be avoided. Jeffersons letter to William Short, from Monticello, October 31, 1819. But while this syllabus is meant to place the character of Jesus in its true and high light, as no impostor himself, but a great Reformer of the Hebrew code of religion, it is not to be understood that I am with Him in all His doctrines. I am a Materialist; he takes the side of Spiritualism; he preaches the efficacy of repentance towards forgiveness of sin; Jeffersons letter to William Short, from Monticello August 4, 1820. That being said, it is easy to see that the aforementioned tolerance of religious freedom, was in reality a bulwark for the benefit of The Enlightenment, not the Pious, and in this age that bulwark being no longer necessary is coming to an end. For two-hundred plus years we, in this United States of America, have enjoyed freedom of Religion so that those of the Enlightenment could enjoy their freedom from Religion. But figuratively speaking, the air of tolerance toward Judeo-Christian beliefs is wisping away, leaving the putrid stench of moral corruption and malicious bigotry toward anyone who identifies with Yeshua and the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. But know this, that in the last days grievous times shall come. For men shall be lovers of self, lovers of money, boastful, haughty, railers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, without natural affection, implacable, slanderers, without self-control, fierce, no lovers of good, traitors, headstrong, puffed up, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God; holding a form of godliness, but having denied the power thereof [emphasis  added]: from these also turn away. (2Timothy 3:1-5). Like the parable of the Kingdom of Heaven of Matt 13; at the founding of the United States of America two seeds were sown. Two hundred years later in these last days the two seeds have grown to maturity. And now the tares are fully distinguishable from the wheat. For the American believers there has been a two-hundred year bastion of grace, to grow into the maturity of the Word, and to shine above the philosophies of this world. And now you see, God had afforded us a little more time in these last days to fulfill His purposes. Not waring in the flesh but; pulling down imaginations and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought into the obedience of Christ (2Cor. 10:5 MKJV) . For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: As free, and not using your liberty for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. (1Peter 2:15-16 ASV).

The Theory of Planned Behaviour: Nurses Attitudes towards Older Patient

The Theory of Planned Behaviour: Nurses' Attitudes towards Older Patients ABSTRACT The Theory of Planned Behaviour was tested in a study for its ability to predict intention to behave in specific ways towards older patients. There were 172 subjects from 3 Scottish universities, Napier, Edinburgh and Abertay Dundee. The results gained from a questionnaire suggest that the Theory of Planned behaviour can be used to predict behavioural intentions of nurses when working with older patients. Nurses’ intention to behave was predicted by their attitudes mostly, perceived behavioural control also carried a significant beta weight although social norms were found to be non– significant. The underlying beliefs of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural controls were also investigated in terms of expectancy value models. Nurses with positive attitudes towards older patients were found to hold patient orientated values, and job satisfaction, more important than other relevant values. Nurses are also more motivated to comply with senior staff that ma y share their positive attitudes also. One consequence of the present findings is that greater levels of support by senior staff and ways of increasing job satisfaction will improve the levels of care and treatment for older patients. Introduction Last year, for the first time ever, the developed countries of the world had more people aged 60 and over than youths aged 14 and under. For the world as a whole, the same will be true by the year 2043. The percentage proportion of older people in Western Europe is predicted to increase by 14.8%, 8.8 in Japan and 2.7% in the U.S.(U.S Census bureau). Two major forces drive the shift in age distribution. First, birth rates are declining in most parts of the world, but especially in the industrialized nations. and second, life expectancy is increasing almost everywhere. The U.K is a prime example of this phenomenon. In 1999 16 % of the population was 65 and over (DOH 1999). With the advent of new medicine and treatment for more and more illnesses and diseases the trend will increase. The implications of a human population that is both growing and aging are numerous and worrying. Advances in medical science, nutrition and fitness, and even bioengineering point to the day when many human beings will have the option of living well past the age of 100 (CSIS gl... ...ch in health care has often over looked these variables. Certainly the high level of interpersonal care and contact in nurses day-to-day work is directly influenced by the nurses own self identity (Farley, Lehmann and Ryan 1981), so therefore attitudes are expected to be significantly predictive of behavioural intentions. Perceived behavioural control has been shown to be of greatest influence when a person has previous experience and knowledge of the target behaviour and environment ( Bentler & Speckart,1979; Fredricks & Dossett, 1983; Manstead et al. 1983). Gerontology is a large specialist field in healthcare and a large proportion of nursing education from the outset of 1st year training. The theory of planned behaviour offers a better architecture in which to incorporate these influencing factors. Hypotheses H1 = The theory of Planned Behaviour can be used to predict Nurses’ intentions to behave towards elderly people. H2 = Behavioural beliefs and evaluations directly correlate with attitudes. H3 = Normative beliefs and evaluations directly correlate with subjective norms. H4 = Control beliefs and control power directly correlate with perceived behavioural controls.

Health Care in the Global South Essay -- traditional medicine

Health care and usage in the global south has always been a phenomenon of interest to both researchers and policy makers alike. This keen interest is embedded in the special demographic characteristics of this part of the world coupled with poverty and underdevelopment. This region has more than 50% (5.8 billion) of the world’s 7 billion population and a natural population growth rate of over 2% (Population Reference Bureau 2013); coupled with this huge demographic character is high rate of poverty, conflict, famine and high prevalence of infectious and communicable diseases. Compound to this plight, is a weak and bad biomedical health system which barely serve just about 20-30% of its population (Neumann and Lauro 1982). However, a phenomenon of interest in this health catastrophe is the traditional medicine system and its wide usage by the population in many countries in the south. The diversity of traditional medicine and its integration with the culture and beliefs of many societies in the south has encouraged studies and research over the years. The aim of these studies have been to understand the nature of traditional medicine and its ability to succeed where biomedicine has failed – access and usage; it is estimated that up to 80% of the population in the global south depends on Traditional medicine to meet their care needs (WHO 2002) With the colonization of many countries in the global south, came western lifestyle and social institutions. These social institutions included religion and health. From the onset of colonialism, the colonial leaders in the global south championed the course of teaching and training the indigenes in this region in western ideologies and practices which will foster their development. This s... ...frican countries. International nursing review, 50(4), 242-250. Twumasi P.A. 1987. Evaluation of Traditional Birth Attendants Programme in Ghana. Ministry of Health. Accra Twumasi P.A. 1988. Social Foundations of the interplay between Traditional and Modern Medical Systems. Ghana Universities Press. Accra World Bank 2010. Poverty and Equity Data. Accessed 20th May, 2014 http://data.worldbank.org/topic/poverty WHO 2000. Development of National Policy on Traditional Medicine. Manila. WHO 2001. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A World Wide Review. Geneva: World Health Organization WHO 2002. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. Geneva: World Health Organization WHO 2007. World health statistics 2007. Geneva: World Health Organization WHO 2011. World Health Statistics 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization

The Accuracy of Weather Prediction Essay -- Meteorology

The purpose of this paper is to explain the advances being made in technology and algorithms in helping advance the accuracy of forecasting. It will contrast the forecasting methods of several decades ago with forecasting methods in use today. In discussing how errors can accumulate over time and providing simple mathematical formulas as examples, this paper intends to show how the repetition of minor errors can affect the accuracy of weather predictions. Introduction Back in the days of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, weather observations were recorded daily but not hourly or by the minute. Such repetition of data didn’t seem useful. After the telegraph was invented which enabled information about weather data to be transmitted across the country, they still reported only once a day. In contrast to today's virtual world of weather, making 24/7 use of climate data from satellites, buoys in the oceans, the ability to record worldwide temperatures, worldwide rainfall records, track wind speeds, pressure pulses of solar wind, carbon dioxide levels, tornadoes and hurricanes...etc (Harris, 2012). An early pioneer of meteorology was Vilhelm Bjerknes, and his son Jacob, who described the lifecycle of the extratropical cyclone and shared his ideas for scientific weather forecasting. Bjerknes was disappointed over the unscientific methods of meteorology at the time, which, in contrast was making precise predictions in astronomy and meteorology as he felt, was at a standstill. His goal was to introduce scientific concepts to meteorology. According to Bjerknes, the two main ingredients in weather forecasting was knowledge of the atmosphere and accurate knowledge of the physical laws that govern it. Bjerknes identified: pressu... ...Went Wrong?.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/Presentations. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from www.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/Presentation NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. (n.d.). NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ Vanorsow. (2010, July 17). The Teaching Company User Community: View topic - 23. Prediction and Predictability. The Teaching Company User Community: Index. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://teachingcompany.12.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=3034 Weather Modeling and Prediction. (2011, May 16). NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.oar.noaa.gov/weather/t_modeling.html The Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. (n.d.). The Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://wrf-model.org/index.php

Family run business Wyncraft Essay

As a Family run business Wyncraft produces high quality decorative home wear, ranging from mainly wooden products as well as high quality pottery, decorative metals and table decorations. Wyncraft will produce these quality products by using wood from only sustainable Norwegian Forests to maintain the future of the business and the environment from which the products naturally and originally derive from. Objectives: Staff levels of Wyncraft – Wyncraft operates with different levels including: Technical – the practical job roles involved with production of goods, staff perform tasks set out by manager and supervisors etc. Workforce are usually without authority and controlled by managerial and community level staff. Staff at this level- * Jack in addition to one full-time and one part-time member of staff in the sanding and varnishing department * Fred, Albert (â€Å"Tub†) and JR (John Roberts) are hands on in the cutting department and 8 full-time production staff, * Despatch employees – 3 full time staff and one driver Graham * Part-timers and home workers – assembly assistance * Assistant/secretary Jean Hudson, * Yvonne human resources role, * Harry sales, personnel as well as the books Managerial – the technical level interrelates with the managerial level, which is concerned with the co-ordination and integration of work at the technical level. Generally supervisors/managers, the main role is to outline the specific requirements to the technical level form the community level. Other roles include dealing with customers, clients and suppliers. Staff at this level – * Harry manages and oversees all operations of the company providing him with high responsibility and authority. * Jack manages the sanding/varnishing department * JR oversees the production department Community – the board of directors, this level makes decisions of how the company is to be run by the other interrelated levels. They are responsible for the operation of the organisation as a whole they have authority to provide regulations/requirements in which the rest of the organisation must comply with. In addition this level interrelates with the managerial level to inform of such procedures. Staff at this level – * Harry * Jack * Albert * Fred All the brothers above are the owners/directors of Wyncraft where as Harry has more of a managing director role. Although the brothers are at the community level they do operate in the technical level and most operate in the managerial level too. The three levels community, technical and managerial can be represented in a diagram to show the interdependence and authority levels. The diagram highlights the fact that each level could not survive without the other levels. Wyncraft Memorandum To: Harry Roberts From: Ryan Johnson Date: 5/12/04 Re: The importance of good organisational structure Although there are many factors and constraints, which can affect a company structure there is a need to establish a framework of order and system of command by which the work to be undertaken is accomplished successfully. This implies that attention be given to the design and implementation of the company structure. â€Å"Structure can make or break an organisations† (Mullins 2002 p.536) Organisations are groups of people brought together for a specific purpose, for this to be achieved successfully people need to be organised within the best possible structure. (Mullins 2002) In relation to Wyncraft it is necessary to organise and formalise the company into a structure in order to expand successfully and attract and recruit new staff. Good organisational structure can be a means of dividing responsibilities and tasks equally and fairly amongst executives to ensure a simple, effective and functional process for Wyncraft. At present it would appear that Harry Roberts has a higher responsibility level than his co-owners, it can cause pressure for one person to have the majority share in responsibility. It is not good for the company or Harry to oversee all departments and company functions, the role should be shared to ensure that quality is being produced within Wyncraft. If there were shared roles in high responsibility tasks then this could guarantee service and production are of an acceptable standard for Wyncraft. Furthermore specialist staff within managerial department roles could provide Wyncraft with higher standards and production leaving the executives more time to concentrate on further selling and expansion. Wyncraft Proposed Organisation Chart There are many possible structures for organisations to use when considering producing an organisational chart, function, area, process, product and customer. * Function – most common structure used, involving the company being split up into departments or specialisations. * Area – used by large national or multinational businesses, the concept being that co-ordination is implemented from Head Office to ensure that efforts are not duplicated when different locations carry out similar activities. * Process – this is used when requirements for different skills are needed, for example when product is manufactured it passes through several stages requiring different skills for the stages of the process. * Product – This is used in large organisations or for companies that have wide product ranges. * Customer – this is used when a business has different types of customers who need different and specialised treatment or modified service or products. Most organisations will structure themselves in a way that a variety of structure options are used, different departments could be structured using a different format. In relation to Wyncraft it is appropriate to consider using chart structures that are relevant to its production and process. Although all options should be considered I propose that Process and Function are more practical in terms of Wyncraft. Looking at the above descriptions of structure options Product, customer and area can be ruled out, this is due to the size of the company being relatively small in comparison to large multinational companies and the product range generally quite limited. It is important to remember the main function of the company: production of environmentally friendly quality home wear, which leads on to the need for clear process and function management. Read more:  Family Run Business Proposed Process chart for Wyncraft: How Wyncraft’s product is manufactured requires different departments/functions with different skills etc. The diagram above illustrates the process in which the product is made which highlights the need for a clear functional process. With a sufficient functional chart or structure then the process above can be implemented. Departments such as personnel are necessary to be part of the company but are not necessarily part of the process involved in the production of the product. Therefore although personnel and marketing etc. need to be considered a separate structure chart is not necessary at this stage. Proposed function chart for Wyncraft: Organisation Functions An organisation consists of departments they usually take the following format: * Personnel – the function of Personnel is typically to control recruitment, provide staff training, promote legal and safety requirements and create policies and procedures. In relation to Wyncraft personnel Yvonne manages issues and although she does not work full time for the company she takes a leading role in this department. Harry oversees this department and manages this role if necessary to cover any period of time Yvonne is not present. Being a company that only employs 48 people many of the typical functions of a Personnel department are not carried out. The kind of issues Yvonne would deal with within Wyncraft would be the less formal and personal aspects of Personnel for example staff absence etc. * Production – typically the function of the production department includes manufacturing the product, establishes priority order for consumer demand, works within standards and budgets and maintains flow of production. In relation to Wyncraft the main focus for the company is production, the list above does reflect the function of this department in Wyncraft well. The production department is responsible for cutting; shaping, drilling and preparing all the wood used in the production of their home wear products. They are heavily reliant on machinery and control machinery maintenance and must adhere to safe practice as well as storing and controlling materials. * Sales – typically this department sells the product and continually looks to expand and increase sales for the company. In relation to Wyncraft Harry mostly undertakes this role and concentrates on targeting major department stores and smaller (high quality) independent china/gift stores. Sales for Wyncraft is different to most organisations as selling direct to customers would actually most likely loose custom for the company. Sales for Wyncraft are expanding overseas due to the success of their web page; the main function of this department now is to concentrate on expansion overseas to supplying to the major department stores. * Marketing – generally consists of establishing consumer demand, promotes the product, examines the market and conducts market research. In relation to Wyncraft it seems apparent that there is no actual department for this function. Harry oversees this role and perhaps as part of his sales he also implements some form of marketing, however as Wyncraft is a small company it is realistic that there is no specific marketing department. Strong client relationships with major department stores could provide Harry with enough knowledge on consumer demand and market research etc. * Finance – this department deals with all monetary aspects of the company. Typical roles include, balancing accounts, planning and expenditure, wage and salary administration and account management. In relation to Wyncraft Yvonne is responsible for wages and accounts Harry takes control of the company accounts, all companies no matter what size need to manage their accounts and obviously pay their staff. Wyncraft does not have a specific finance department due to the small size of the company. * Purchasing – this department would generally be in charge of buying in materials required for production. In relation to Wyncraft all wood is bought from sustainable Norwegian Forests and quantities are provided from the production department, the product range for Wyncraft is small and therefore no specific department is required to buy repeat materials. * Research and Development – this department usually provides improvement for production methods and processes through research, identifies new technology and researches new products. In relation to Wyncraft there is no research and development department although progress has been made on the technological aspect with the implementation of the successful web page. Interdependence between these departments can vary between companies in the case of Wyncraft where not many specific departments exist then it could be assumed that the dependence occurs without recognition. The finance department will provide obvious constraints to all departments because without funding they cannot function. The main function of Wyncraft is obviously production and without this the other functions would have no purpose. Sales department is reliant upon production and vice versa because without demand production is pointless and without production sales are not attainable. Relationships within Wyncraft: = Line relationship = Functional relationship = Staff relationship = Lateral relationship Staff can operate with more than one relationship an example of this is Harry who operates in a staff relationship with his secretary, a line relationship with JR and Jack Roberts and also a lateral relationship with many of the other members of staff.

Death of a Salesman Comparisson

Death of a Salesman After reading and watching Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, it was clear that there were many similarities and differences between the film and the text. Many of the actors chosen for roles in the movie seemed to have fit Miller's portrayal of the characters. Between Willy feeling confused and lost to Linda’s vivid concern for Willy they all were presented very well. However, in the play, Willy Loman is portrayed as a man of considerable size while in the film he is much smaller.Although Dustin Hoffman depicts the character of Willy Loman well, he gets so enthralled in the heat of the scene that it sometimes makes the audience wonder if Miller intended for Willy to be so dramatic and emotional. At times it's overwhelming and even difficult to understand what Hoffman is saying. A problem with converting plays or books to motion picture is one can't see pictures that go along with text. The mind must create its own pictures of what is being described.The portrayal of Linda Loman on screen was completely different than what I had imagined her to be as while I was reading. I envisioned her to be a little younger and a lot more run-down and tired from dealing with not only Willy and his lost life but to her two sons and the social issues they have as well. I saw her to be more distressed. As far as plot goes, the storyline was almost exactly the same in the movie and the play. Some scenes were interchanged, but not so much as to disrupt the development or structure of the story.It also looks as though the director of the film purposely made it appear like the movie was taking place on a stage, probably to stay true to the fact that above all, Death of a Salesman is a play. I felt like the flashbacks were complete and in the film it visually helped the audience to understand what was going on. In the text on the other hand, it was up to the reader to understand when they happened and who all were part of them. I thi nk the movie adaption of this was done very well showing how Ben wasn’t â€Å"really there† and it was just Willy’s imagination when it came time for a flashback.The writers of the film script did a very good job with keeping specific lines clear and understandable, keeping in mind that they had to most likely change small things here and there. Overall I found most of the movie compared to the play a success. Between choosing actors who fit their parts as though they actually were Willy Loman, Biff Loman, Bernard and so forth, to being spot on with the plot for the most part they were both very similar. Some failures in my opinion existed in the movie when comparing to the text as well. Read also: â€Å"Realism and Expressionism in Death of a Salesman†When reading the play I didn’t see Willy and Linda being so touchy feely, as in the kissing and hugging that went on. Also the woman that Willy cheats on Linda with is much younger than I imagined. She is much more annoying especially with her laughing than as I saw her to be in the play itself. Lastly, toward the end, Biff seemed in my eyes much more emotional than I saw him to be through the text. I saw more anger and distress instead of caring about willy and crying that happened in the movie. Overall, yes there were successes and failures when comparing the film to the actual play, but I must say both were quite similar.

Compare and Contrast Man in Water Essay

The man in the water makes what would normally be seen as a normal disaster, if such a thing is possible, into a story that stunned so many people. Allende and Rosenblatt both present alike themes in similar and different ways. One way that these two stories are different is that the man in â€Å"The Man in the Water† tried to help as many people as he could, even when he knew the consequences could be death. But Azucena didn’t really help anyone. Their deaths were also different. 3. Isabel Allende used a realistic fiction story-like approach, while Roger Rosenblatt used an informative, report-like approach. 4. These stories are very similar because they are in the same genre yet still have differences. This essay will compare and contrast these two stories. More specifically, this essay will be comparing and contrasting how both stories convey the genre of magical realism through the characters, and literary devices (how they show it). 5. In the next two paragraphs I will tell you one similarity and one difference that these two writings have regarding their topic and theme. 6. In â€Å"The Man in Water† and â€Å"And of clay are we created†, nature is used in both. They are also both about death, a monster that takes what it wants. Many themes appear in the short stories, but there is only one that both have in common. That is, humans are not powerless against nature. 7. A difference between the short story and the article is that in The Man in the Water, the author didn’t seem to really exaggerate as much as Isabel Allende, the author of And of Clay are we Created. Allende used magic realism and Rosenblatt was more realistic. 8. In two specific stories, Isabel Allende’s And of Clay Are We Created and Roger Rosenblatt’s The Man in the Water, disaster strikes and the people in the stories are symbols of what true human beings should be like; faithful, positive, and strong in the heart and mind. Both†¦

Report in Delta Life Insurance Company

Executive Summary The development of a country depends up on the consolidate development of all infrastructures like-agricultural sector, industrial sector, financial sector, technological sector etc. But developing all these structures is not easy. A lot of troubles and threats always hinder and make difficulties to success. The most difficult problem is financial risk. So if it is feasible to provide financial protection then most of the structural development will be achievable with minimal efforts. And the most well known practical method for handling financial risk is insurance.Delta Life Insurance Company Limited was incorporated in November 10, 1986 and is mainly engaged in Ordinary Life (OL), Group Insurance (GI), Health Insurance (HI) business and non-traditional micro insurance business under the name of Gono-Grameen Bima (GN-GRB). The Company is a publicly traded Company and its shares are listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. However, we have p repared this report on Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd, which is one of the growing and prospective insurance companies in the insurance industry.The company is providing protection and financial security to the nation, whilst adding shareholders value thought customer service excellence. By the way of examining and evaluation the functions and performance of Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd, we tried to illustrate a true scenario of insurance industry of Bangladesh. Our report topic is ? Overall Activities Delta Life Insurance Co. Lid?. So, to get an accurate realization about Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Basically, we emphasize on underwriting process & claim settlement issues of Delta Life Insurance Company. 1. Introduction: 1. Origin: As we are the student of business administration we have been authorized by our guide teacher to prepare a report on the activities of Delta Life Insurance Company given to the customers and their underwriting process and claim settlement. 1. 2 Objective s of the report: 1. 2. 1: Broad Objectives: A broad objective is to find out the overall activities of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd and the procedure of underwriting processes and claim settlement issues 1. 2. 2: Specific Objectives: 1. To have a brief idea about insurance industry and their policy and procedures 2.To find out their services. 3. To find out the different products. 4. To find out the different types rates. 5. To find out the different types condition 1. 3 Scope: To find out the overall activities & accounts department of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd we have visited Motijheel Branch of Delta life insurance compny. 1. 4: Methodology: * Primary Data: Primary data was collected with the help of information given by M. Mosharaof Hossain, Assistant vice president, Delta life insurance company * Secondary Data: Secondary data was collected form the following sources: * Websites Books regarding insurance * Articles on insurance policies 1. 5: Limitations: In this sho rt time, we have tried to give our maximum effort to provide the information about the total activities of Delta Life Insurance Company ltd. Several drawbacks that appeared at the time of preparing the report and hindered the total work process are as under: Time limitation: The limitation of this study involved limited time frame that was available for completing such an in-depth report. Our semester consists of four month.Within this time most of the teachers give the assignment or report after mid term exam and we are required to prepare and submit assignment or report within this short time. As a result we had to divide time for preparing report for our courses. As a partial fulfillment of our course we also required to prepare this report within short time. So it was hard to complete tis assignment covering all important matters . Other limitations: * One of the main barriers of the report was the confidentiality of the data * Not able to collect information from the source. It was difficult to include all the information to prepare a proper report Company Background Name, Address, Established date & some words Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. established mainly through the initiative of a group of Bangladeshi professionals then working abroad along with a few enthusiastic local entrepreneurs, started its operation in December, 1986 after the Government of Bangladesh allowed the private sector to operate in the insurance sector in 1984 to carry on the business of insurance in the Private Sector. A brief explanation as to the growth of life insurance business in Bangladesh is in order here.Bangladesh declared independence from the Pakistani rules on March 26, 1971 following which she had to witness a bloody liberation struggle with the occupation forces lasting for 9 months before they were defeated. Insurance business which was exclusively carried on in private sector before independence was nationalized after liberation in 1972 primarily to address the emer ging situation of eroding public confidence in the industry that was left staggeringly short of resources in the face of huge losses caused by the war of liberation.After a series of experimentation, a state-owned body, namely Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC), established in May, 1973 for transacting the life insurance business, took over the assets and liabilities under life portfolios of all erstwhile private insurance companies and started business in its own name. However, things did not improve; rather, in many respects became more exacerbating and the Government then thought it better to allow private sector participation in insurance business.Since inception, Delta Life set before itself a high standard of all round performance coextensive with professional soundness and proficiency. It soon made a mark in the life insurance arena by not only being the leader among the private sector indigenous companies, but by undertaking and successfully implementing innovative and welfare ori ented life insurance schemes. It introduced an array of conventional life and group insurance products – many of which were the first in Bangladesh. For the first time, health insurance products were also introduced by Delta Life.But more importantly, in fulfilment of the avowed commitment towards social development, Delta Life for the first time not only in Bangladesh but probably in the World, devised and introduced micro-life insurance-cum-savings products specially suited to the needs and pockets of poor people of the country who constitute more than 80% of the people of Bangladesh Two projects of the company namely Grameen Bima for the rural people and Gono Bima for the poor and marginal savers of the urban areas were initiated to devote themslave exclusively to marketing and management of these innovative products.We are happy to report that we have achieved a good measure of success although there is a long way to go. These schemes that we have introduced have created great stir and enthusiasm among the general mass who, before these projects started functioning, could not even dream of owning a policy that provides the much needed life insurance coverage along with facility of regular savings on a long-term basis. At a later stage i. e. in the year 2002, the projects were merged into a division of Delta Life, namely, Gono Grameen Bima Division.The GNGRB Division has been growing at a first rate of more than 25% p. a. for the last couple of the years and is poised to maintain this growth rate at least in the next five years or so. Vision To be a market leader in providing integrated total security clients service, to be an innovative, profitable, customer friendly with a global focus. Mission: Create unmatched value for everyone through dependable, effective, transparent and profitable life insurance and pension plans.Objectives of Delta life Insurance company: To serve the humanity for its well being in the present and the world hereafter by pro viding financial and moral gains through utmost good faith, good conduct, mutual trust, sincerity, integrity and personalized services. Address of Main Branch: * Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd * Gouse Pak Building (5th Floor) * 28/G/1, Toyebee Circuler Road * Motijheel C/A, Dhaka Ph: +88 02 9560407 Branches Branches /offices/service center/zone| Address |Dhaka Service Center| * Gouse Pak Building (5th Floor) * 28/G/1, Toyebee Circuler Road * Motijheel C/A, Dhaka * Ph: +88 02 9560407| Comilla Service Center| * Gani Bhuiyan Mansion (3rd Floor) * Monohorpur, Comilla * Ph: +88 081 68796| Rajshahi Service Center| * C & B More * Kajihata, Rajshahi * Ph: +88 0721 770693| Chittagong Service Center| * Ajmol Arcade (4th Floor) * 1806, Sheikh Mujib Road * Agrabad C/A, Chittagong * Ph: +88 031 713059| Barisal Service Center| * Ahsan Plaza (2nd Floor) * Bot Tola * Nobogram Road, Barisal * Ph: +88 0431 64306| Dhaka Metro ZOC| * Baitul Abed Tower (10th Floor) * 53, Purana Paltan * Dhaka * Ph: +88 02 9570324| Chittagong ZOC| * 119/120, Mirzapur * Muradpur, Chittagong * Ph: +88 031 656333| Barisal ZOC| * Shahida Villa (3rd Floor) * Bogra Road, Barisal * Ph: +88 0431 62943| There are so many branches existing in Bangladesh. We don’t want to include those. Board of Directors Chairman Mr. Monzurur Rahman Directors: * Mr. Aziz Ahmed * Mr. Kazi Fazlur Rahman * Mr. Borhanuddin Ahmed * Ms. Anika Rahman * Mrs. Adeeba Rahman * Mr. Zeyad Rahman * Mr. Md. Mujibur Rahman * Mr. Md. Abdul Wahab * Mr. Arif Ahmed * Mr. Md. Nurul Islam * Mr. Golam Sarwar * Mrs. Syeda Soyeli Ahmed * Ms. Saika Rahman 2. 1 Committees of the Board Audit Committee Chairman * Mr. Aziz AhmedMember * Mr. Borhanuddin Ahmed * Mr. Md. Mujibur Rahman * Mr. Zeyad Rahma ————————————————- Delta life Insurance Co. Ltd Organogram of Delta Life Insurance Company Ltd Chapter-02 Performance Analysis General Account s (Provisional and Unaudited) `(Amount In Crore Tk. ) General: Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| First Year Premium| 120. 51| 107. 40| 95. 32| 82. 30| 85. 40| Renewal Premium| 342. 91| 302. 83| 266. 79| 245. 00| 207. 60| Group Insurance Premium| 21. 28| 19. 94| 16. 17| 10. 60| 8. 32| Health Insurance Premium| 14. 42| 10. 68| 5. 22| 3. 29| 2. 66| Gross Premium| 499. 12| 440. 85| 383. 50| 341. 9| 303. 44| Growth over Previous Year| 13. 22 %| 14. 95 %| 12. 40 %| 12. 44 %| 17. 84 %| Investment Income| 298. 95| 180. 99| 127. 99| 112. 00| 89. 66| Income from Other Sources| 5. 89| 4. 87| 4. 83| 2. 61| 1. 41| Management Expense Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Commission Expense| 91. 16| 80. 36| 69. 35| 62. 67| 63. 67| Admin Expense| 68. 69| 62. 34| 56. 40| 50. 26| 44. 45| Management Expense (as % of gross premium)| 32. 03| 32. 37| 32. 79| 33. 10| 35. 63| Claims Particulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Number of Claims| 149051| 156444| 214301| 151523| 59567| Amount of C laims| 223. 54| 204. 80| 243. 40| 175. 81| 89. 85| OthersParticulars| 2010| 2009| 2008| 2007| 2006| Assets| 2,180. 23| 1,755. 61| 1,473. 62| 1,325. 25| 1,129. 92| Life Fund| 2,034. 95| 1,619. 00| 1,347. 01| 1,206. 07| 1041. 44| Chapter-03 Number of policies 1. Ordinary Life Insurance 2. Gono Grameen Bima 3. Group Life Insurance 4. Health Insurance Chapter-04 Under – writing process & claim settlement process: 4. 1: Ordinary Life Insurance Delta Life offers a wide variety of ordinary life product/plans ranging from the most common endowment type to more modern and sophisticated plans like endowment with open term, pension plan with built in provision for increasing pension, increasing protection with provision for premium refund etc.The plans have been designed keeping in view the diverse and multifaceted needs of the insuring public belonging to different strata of the society. Some of the popular plans are briefly described below. 4. 1. 1: Endowment plan with and without pro fits: The most common and widely popular, this plan provides for a fixed sum at end of a particular term or at earlier death of the assured. The plan is available under both options i. e. with profit and without profit. This is a straightforward coverage allowing a person to plan his future needs for security and projected savings through means of insurance. eds for security and projected savings through means of insurance. 4. 1. 2: One-two-three endowment plan with profitsThis plan provides for high security at earlier death of the assured before expiry of term (10 & 20 years) or the sum assured at expiry of the term. The plan provides for double the sum assured at premature death due to illness or treble the sum assured if death occurs directly as the result of an accident along with accrued bonuses till death or maturity as the case may be. 4. 1. 3: Installment payment plans with or without profit: a) Three payments plan Given for terms like 12, 15, 18, 21 years with or without p rofits this plan provides for one fourth of the sum assured upon expiry of each one third of the term and on death at anytime within the term the full sum assured – payment of one or all the installments notwithstanding.In case of survival to the end of the term remaining portion of the sum assured along with profits is paid after deducting the installments already paid. b) Bi-annual payment plan is given for 10, 15 & 20 years' term and provides for payment of a portion of sum assured bi-annually after expiry of the 4th year of the policy, if the policyholder is then living. The amount of installment and when payable is shown in the table below: Policy Term| Amount of Installment| When Payable| Sum Assured Payable on Maturity| 10 Years| 20%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th years| 40%| 15 Years| 15%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th 12th years| 25%| 20 Years| 10%| Upon expiry of 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th ; 18th years| 25%|Notwithstanding the payment of any number of installments, the policyholder remains covered for full risk and on death occurring before maturity, full sum assured is payable. * The higher numbered table refers to without profit premium rates. 4. 1. 4: Premium back term Insurance Plan without Profits These are comparatively low cost plans. These plans provide for payment of sum assured in case of premature death within the term or refund of all premiums paid at end of term. Under Table-59(A), sum assured keeps on increasing at 8% p. a. on each successive policy anniversary and such increased sum is paid at death during the term. On survival up to the end of term, all premium paid during the term is paid.Under Table-65(A) a guaranteed profit equal to 10% of sum assured is paid along with full premium at end of term as survival benefit. On death before maturity, the sum assured is payable. 4. 1. 5: Pension Plan (Table-72A, 72D) without profits. Under plan pensions are provided at quarterly intervals from an age designated by the policyholder for life, guaranteed for a minimum period of 10 years i. e. if the pensioner dies anytime within 10 years his designated nominee will get pension for remaining term of 10 years. Before pension starts, if the assured policyholder dies, 10 times the annual pension is paid as a lump-sum to his nominee and the policy is terminated upon such payment.There is another plan that while providing for full protection against premature death as described above, provides for pension from a designated age as elected by the policyholder at an increasing rate i. e. pension will increase at 10% at intervals of two years. Payment of pension is guaranteed for at least ten years and thereafter as long as the pensioner lives. Both these pension plans provide for waiver of premium in case of permanent and total disability due to accident before commencement of pension. 4. 1. 6: Child Educational Protection Plan with Profits Multiple benefits in the form of scholarships, monthly annuities et c. in addition to sum assured are available under these plans.Under one plan sum assured or a part thereof is also payable to the policyholder in case the child dies prematurely. 4. 1. 7:. Tri-dimensional Policy Built-in benefits for payment of 50% sum assured immediately if critical illness is diagnosed. Premium and the sum assured will thereafter be halved and the policy continues. Under this plan, a spouse may also be covered for major disease benefits. 4. 1. 8: Moving Term Plan Policies under the plan are initially issued and is to be taken for a minimum term (6 to 10 years) as elected by policy holder. Any time within this minimum term if death occurs, full sum assured is payable. At the expiry of the minimum term, the policy may be surrendered for full refund of premiums paid.However, the policyholder need not terminate his policy at end of the minimum specified period. The policy will automatically continue till age 65 years of the policyholder unless he terminates it earlier . The survival benefit comprises of refund of all premiums paid along with bonuses. In case of premature death the nominee(s) is paid the sum assured plus all premiums paid till death, or all premiums paid with profit accrued till death whichever is greater. 4. 1. 9: Single Premium Multiple Security Plan It is a single Premium Policy offering multiple securities for five years term. It covers natural death, permanent and partial/total disability and seven major diseases.Premiums are based on the age of the proposer. This plan perfectly suits the needs of the executive class. Policy Conditions * Surrender Value: After payment of two full years' premium, the policy acquires cash surrender value which is quoted on request unless stated in the policy itself. * Loan: At any time after a cash surrender value is available under the policy and while the policy is in force, the policyholder may obtain, subject to the company's existing rules, a loan on the policy up to 90% of the cash surren der value. * Age Proof: Age of life assured as declared while applying for the policy has to be authenticated with an age proof document acceptable to the company.The company reserves the right to require proof of age of the life assured before paying any claim under the policy if not admitted earlier. * Settlement Option:Payee may elect to receive the proceeds of the policy in installments instead of in a single sum, in such a manner as may be agreed upon with the company. * Suicide: Should the life assured commit suicide, whether the assured be then sane or insane, within two years from the commencement date or from reinstatement of the policy, then the liability of the company shall be limited to the refund of all premiums paid under the policy less indebtedness, if any, at the time of such death. Bonus: Delta Life pays attractive bonuses to its with-profit policies.The present rate of policy bonuses are as following: a) A compound reversionary bonus @ 5% of paid up sum assured. This bonus is not paid on the installments withdrawn (under Table-03, 04) from the date of such withdrawal. b) A simple reversionary bonus ranging from Tk. 10 to Tk. 15 per thousand sum assured per year depending on term. c) A terminal bonus equal to 10% to 12% of sum assured at maturity of policy depending on terms if the policy would have been in force for at least 2/3rd of its term. Average Rate of Bonus On the basis of the three types of bonuses the Company now pays to its with profit policies, the average bonus earned by a Tk. ,00,000 sum assured endowment policy (except Table No. 03, 04) per thousand sum assured per year shall be as following: Term of Policy| Total Bonus at Maturity| Average Rate per Thousand per S. A. year| 10 Years| Tk. 52,000. 00| Tk. 52. 00| 15 Years| Tk. 81,000. 00| Tk. 54. 00| 20 Years| Tk. 1,15000. 00| Tk. 58. 00| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 2: Gono Grameen Bima Delta Life first launched Micro-insurance product in 1988 through its Grameen Bima Project(GR B) to cater to the necessity of economic protection against premature death and of disability as well as providing a way for regular savings for the poor and low income group of people living in villages.Later it started another project in 1994, namely, Gono Bima(GNB) for the urban poor and the low income class. These projects are now merged under the name of Gono-Grameen Bima Project(GN-GRB). The initial problems apart, the project started to yield impressive results right from the beginning by creating great interest among the target population who could not even perceive an institutional arrangement through which the ever present problems of insecurity of life could be addressed. To suit the needs and pockets of the target people, and for efficient management of these portfolios, some of the age-old traditional concepts of carrying on life insurance business had to be diluted and in some cases replaced by simple and straightforward practices.Yet, the results are so encouraging th at Delta Life is now regarded far and wide as the undisputed leader espousing the cause of welfare of teeming millions and its experiences are now used to advantage not only by indigenous companies but also other micro-savings organizations abroad. 4. 2. 1: Target Group and the Product In GN-GRB the formalities are minimum. Insurance Cover is given under Group Insurance concept. A person interested in a policy submits a simple two-page proposal form; it is signed or thumb imprinted by him or her. There is no need for medical check-up. The person needs to be between 18 and 45 years of age, have a monthly income of Tk. 5,000. 00 (US $100. 00) or less, be of good health and supply a Declaration of Good Health (DGH) at the time of submitting the Proposal form.Death through pregnancy complications within the first year of the policy and death through suicide in the first year of the policy are not covered under an â€Å"exclusion clause†. Simple endowment with profit policies are offered for 10 and 15 years term both with premium payment mode being weekly or monthly. Premium rate is the same irrespective of age at entry. Besides this plan, new plans like three-payment plan with 12 and 15 years term and double protection endowment plan have recently been introduced. 4. 2. 2: Policy Documents Upon acceptance of the proposal, a pass book is issued to the policyholder detailing all terms and conditions of the policy.The pass book serves as the purpose of recording of all payments made by him towards the policy. There is one group policy document for the policyholders of each Thana or Block. For individual policyholders the passbook serves as policy document. 4. 2. 3: Micro Investment (Loan) GN-GRB gives small project loans to its policyholders on a group liability basis. No collateral is required. There is 20% service charge on the loans, which is calculated at a flat rate and added to the principal amount. The loan, together with the service charge, is repayabl e in 12 equal monthly installments. The repayments are collected from door to door by the organizers. Recently a decision has been taken to establish small collection booths in the villages.A person must be a policyholder and pay premiums for atleast one year before being eligible for a loan. The maximum loan given is Tk. 5,000. 00 (US $100. 00) per policyholder. The loans are for income generating activities (IGA) only. Policyholders form a committee of 5 to 7 members. 3 policyholders selected by the committee are given the first loan. After recovery of 3 installments from each of the first three borrowers, the next 3 are given their loans and so on. As a general rule, 60% of the premium income of an area and 40% of the repaid loan of an area are available for loan in that area. Also 100% of premium collection of a committee is available for loan to that committee. 4. 3: Group Life Insurance Group Life InsuranceGroup Insurance is an instrument for providing life insurance coverage (protection) to a number of individuals under a single contract (policy) who are associated together for a common interest other than insurance. It is the most cost effective means to provide immediate financial support to an insured member and/or his family in case of devastating events like-death, disability, disease as well as retirement. Group Insurance has already established its importance as a component of â€Å"Employee Benefit Package† in Bangladesh. Exclusive features of Group Insurance are: * Insurance coverage to a number of individuals under a single contract * Simple insurable conditions * Easy administrative procedure * Prompt claim settlement Affordable premium * Tax exemption on premium Delta Life offers a host of Group-Life Insurance schemes from which an organization/ employer may choose for benefits of its members/employees, as may best serve their interest according to organizational setup. To be treated as a group, the following criteria need to be fulfi lled. * A â€Å"Group† Should comprise of at least 15 members * It should be a legitimately organized body Group clients of Delta Life Insurance Company Limited include: * Semi-Government organization, autonomous bodies * Private, Non-Government Organizations (NGO's) * Educational & Financial Institutions * Public Limited Companies Associations, Business organizations etc. Group Life Insurance Schemes offered by Delta Life are of two types: * Traditional Schemes: For insurance coverage of members/employees of a Group * Exclusive Schemes: For insurance coverage of clients of Financial Institutions 4. 3. 1: Traditional Scheme: These are the commonly offered â€Å"Group-Life Insurance† schemes and are also known as Basic Schemes: These are: Short Term Contract * Group Term Life Insurance Scheme (GT) * Group Term Life with Premium Refund Scheme (GTR) Long Term Contract * Group Endowment Life Insurance Scheme (GEN) * Group Pension Scheme (GP) There are several variants of B asic Schemes.Examples of two variants of GTR are * GTR-100/10: Group Term Life with 100% Premium Refund after 10 years * GTR-50/10 : Group Term Life with 50% Premium Refund after 10 years Salient features of the Basic Schemes: Group Term Life (GT) * Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock * Contract, Initially for three years and is Renewable * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Option to alter sum assured at any time * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium Rate- comparatively lowest among the basic schemes * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit * Profit Sharing options for large groups Group Term Life Insurance with Premium Refund (GTR) Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock * Contract, initially for ten/fifteen years * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Reasonable Premium Rate, but h igher than GT Scheme * Refund of basic premium (full/partial) on completion of term or retirement * Payment of Surrender Value in case of Policy discontinuation & exclusion * Conversion Privilege to take Individual Life Insurance Policy in lieu * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit Group Endowment Life Insurance (GEN) * Insurance coverage worldwide round the clock Continuous Contract, unless terminated by either party * Simple Claim procedure * Prompt claim settlement upon death of an insured * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium rate-age dependant and variable * Payment of sum assured as per contract on retirement * Payment of Surrender Value in case of discontinuation * Conversion Privilege to take Individual Life Insurance Policy in lieu * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit Group Pension Scheme * Provides for quarterly/yearly pension based on last salary * Continuous Contract, unless terminated by either party * Sco pe for taking â€Å"Death in Service† benefit Scope of taking â€Å"Joint life last survivor pension† benefit * Scope for life pension with/without guaranteed payment period * Exclusion & Inclusion of members under coverage at any time * Premium rate- age dependant and variable * Payment of Surrender Value in case of discontinuation * Option for supplementary covers to enhance benefit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Features&Benefits| Basic Schemes| | Group Term Life (GT)| Group Term Life with Premium Refund (GTR)| Group Endowment Scheme(GEN)| Age Limit for   Insurance Coverage| 18 years to 60 Years| 18 years to 60 Years| 18 yrs. to the age of  retirement (max. 60 yrs)| Duration of   Contract| 3 years in each spell| 10 years or 15 years in each spell| Continuous Contract, if not terminated| Scope for Inclusion & Exclusion| Yes| Yes| Yes|Scope for Inclusion& Exclusion| Yes| Yes| Yes| Scope for  Alteration of Sum Assured| Yes| Yes| Yes| Premium Rate| Single & Fixed (irrespective of age Low}| Single & Fixed (irrespective of age)| Variable; age dependant  premium rate| Benefits:| Death (payment of  Insured amount on death)| Yes| Yes| Yes| Maturity Benefit| None| None| Payment of Sum Assured as  per contract during retirement| Premium Refund| None| Refund of Premium as per contract on retirement or completion of term. Payment of surrender value in case of non completion of term| None| Profit Share| Provided to large groups only| None| None| On Payment of Additional Premium 1.Accidental Death Benefit (ADB) 2. Permanent Total Disability (PTD) 3. Permanent Partial Disability (PPT) 4. Dismemberment Benefit (DB) 5. Major Disease Benefit (MDB)| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| All or any one of those may be taken except DB which is offered only with ADB| | | | | S upplementary Covers: To provide insurance protection against few devastating conditions other than death, and to enhance insurance benefit in case of sudden accidental death, several Supplementary Covers are offered along with basic schemes.Supplementary covers include: * Accidental Death Benefit (ADB): Provides for double sum assured in case of accidental death. * Permanent and Total Disability Benefit (PTD): Provides for full sum assured on happening of defined risks. * Permanent & Partial Disability Benefit (PPD): Provides for certain percentage of the sum assured as per schedule on happening of the defined risks. * Dismemberment Benefit (DB): Provides for a certain percentage of Sum Assured as per schedule on happening of the defined risks. It is only offered with ADB. * Major Disease Benefit (MDB): Provides for 25% or 50% of S. A. upon diagnosis of a few specific life threatening diseases 4. 3. Exclusive Schemes: These are schemes, especially designed for financial institutions , in order to secure their investment and adorn the product to make it attractive to customers as well as to protect interest of the client. Few examples are: * Home Loan Insurance: e. g; Scheme for â€Å"Home Loan Borrowers† of Delta Brac Housing * Depositor's Insurance: e. g; Scheme for â€Å"Smart Plant† Depositors of Dhaka Bank Ltd Premium: For traditional schemes: Premiums are usually payable annually in advance before commencement of insurance. For exclusive schemes: A single premium is payable for the whole period of coverage before commencement of insurance. *Details about the schemes are provided with â€Å"Insurance Proposal† How to get a Group Life Insurance Proposal? For Proposal: fill in the Proposal Request Form and send it to us at our contract address For Quotation: fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to us at our contract address accompanied by the list of members to be insured with following details | | | | | |    Sl#| Name| Designation| Date of Birth| Sum Assured| | | | | | |   |   |   | *If sum assured depends on salary, mention salary and desired multiple to determine Sum Assured Claims are settled to the concerned organization. 4. 4: Health Insurance Health Insurance Health Insurance is now considered indispensable in developed countries.In the present financial-social perspective of Bangladesh as well, Health Insurance has now become an essential, dependable, acceptable and the most cost effective means to make the modern treatment facilities affordable to all socio-economic classes of people, especially the fixed income group. As a pioneer of Health Insurance in Bangladesh, Delta Life Insurance Company offers several Health Insurance Schemes, which are as follows: 4. 4. 1: Hospitalization (In-patient) treatment coverage plans * Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Group)- offered to Members of a group and their dependants (if desired) * Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Individual) – offered to an Individual as well as his or her dependant family members also known as â€Å"DeltaCare Hospitalization Plan†. 4. 4. : Out-patient treatment coverage plans * Out-patient Insurance Plan – Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization * Out-patient Management Plan – Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization 4. 4. 3: Overseas treatment coverage plan for travelers * Overseas Medicliam Policy (OMP) – A pre-requisite for visa application offered only to Individuals traveling abroad. 4. 4. 4: Hospitalization Insurance Plans * Covers in-patient (Hospitalization) treatment expenses of an insured member Expenses Covered under Hospitalization Insurance Plans * Hospital Accommodation * Consultation Fee * Medicine ; Accessories * Medical Investigations * Surgical Operation Ancillary Services like Blood Transfusion, Ambulance Service, Dressing etc. General Features of the Scheme * No need for preliminary Medical Examination during enrolment. * Treat ment coverage round the clock inclusive of Accidents and Emergencies. * Coverage offered to Bangladeshi National as well as resident foreigner. * Treatment at any renowned hospital or clinic by consultant of own choice. * Preferential service at Designated Hospital. * Direct payment of treatment expenses by the company at Designated Hospital. * Reimbursement of expenses for treatment at non-designated hospital. * Membership ID Card for each insured to facilitate preferential services. Option for Maternity Benefit and Overseas Treatment coverage. * Provision for inclusion of Spouse ; Children under the plan. * Provision for inclusion of new member under the plan. * Coverage up to 65 years under Group HI ; 60 years under Individual HI plan. * Two types of plans with several benefit grades to choose from. * Option to choose more than one grade according to status of the members of a group. * Option to alter benefit grade during renewal. Exclusion from Coverage: Major Exclusions include * Congenital infirmity * Pre-existing condition for certain period * Psychiatric disorders and narcotic addiction * Attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury * Dental Treatment Pre or post hospitalization expenses and out patient treatment expenses * War risk, civil commotion or violence * Routine health checkup * Treatment for family planning purpose, contraception and infertility 4. 4. 5: Group Hospitalization Insurance Plans Types of plan offered: Standard Plan: Distinctive Hospitalization Insurance Plan of Delta Life Customized Plan: Tailored to the need and desire of the client. Standard Plan: Five Grades of benefits are offered under standard plan to choose from Benefit per Hospitalization| Benefit Grades| Mastercare| Supercare| Deluxcare| Exclusivecare| Royalcare| Max. Benefit (Each Insured Per Year)| Tk. 25,000| Tk. 45,000| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 100,000| Tk. 140,000| Hospital Stay (Maximum days)| 10| 12| 15| 18| 20| Room Rent (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount Per Day)| T k. 500| Tk. 1,000| Tk. 1,500| Tk. 1,800| Tk. 2,000| Consultation Fee (Actual Fee upto a Maximum Amount Per Visit ; One Visit Daily)| Tk. 300| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Tk. 500| Routine Investigations (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Tk. 1,000| Tk. 1,200| Tk. 1,400| Tk. 1,600| Tk. 2,000| Medicines ; Accessories (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| In Case of Surgical Treatment| Tk. 2,000| Tk. 4,000| Tk. 6,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| In Case of Conservative Treatment| Tk. ,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,500| Tk. 15,000| Tk. 18,000| Surgery (Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Major Intermediate| Tk. 12,000| Tk. 14,000| Tk. 16,000| Tk. 20,000| Tk. 22,000| Charges included for Surgeon, Assistant, Operation Theater ; Anaesthesia| Tk. 6,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,000| Tk. 15,000| Ancillary Services (80% of Actual Expenditure upto a Maximum Amount)| Tk. 2,000| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 8,000| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,000| Premium (For each insured per year) based on Age Attained (in Years) Benefit Grades| Master care| Super care| Delux care| Exclusive care| Royal care| 18 to 35 Years| Employee| Tk. 600| Tk. 1,080| Tk. ,535| Tk. 1,920| Tk. 3,360| Spouse| Tk. 510| Tk. 920| Tk. 1,310| Tk. 1,630| Tk. 2,855| 35+ to 45 Years| Employee| Tk. 750| Tk. 1,350| Tk. 1,795| Tk. 2,160| Tk. 3,780| Spouse| Tk. 635| Tk. 1,145| Tk. 1,520| Tk. 1,835| Tk. 3,210| 45+ to 50 Years| Employee| Tk. 1,050| Tk. 1,890| Tk. 2,300| Tk. 2,640| Tk. 4,620| Spouse| Tk. 895| Tk. 1,605| Tk. 1,955| Tk. 2,245| Tk. 3,930| 50+ to 55 Years| Employee| Tk. 1,500| Tk. 2,700| Tk. 3,060| Tk. 3,360| Tk. 5,880| Spouse| Tk. 1,275| Tk. 2,295| Tk. 2,605| Tk. 2,855| Tk. 4,995| 55+ to 60 Years| Employee| Tk. 2,100| Tk. 3,780| Tk. 4,075| Tk. 4,320| Tk. 7,560| Spouse| Tk. 1,785| Tk. 3,215| Tk. 3,420| Tk. ,670| Tk. 6,425| 60+ to 65 Years| Employee| Tk. 3,150| Tk. 5,670| Tk. 6,113| Tk. 6,480| Tk. 11,340| Spouse| Tk. 2,678| Tk. 4,823| Tk. 5,130| Tk. 5,505| Tk. 9,683| Each Child (Below 25 Years)| Tk. 510| Tk. 920| Tk . 1,310| Tk. 1,630| Tk. 2,855| Maternity Benefit (Maximum Amount as per Benefit Schedule above) Benefit Grades| Mastercare| Supercare| Deluxcare| Exclusivecare| Royalcare| Normal Delivery| Tk. 5,000| Tk. 7,500| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 12,500| Tk. 15,000| Caesarian Delivery| Tk. 10,000| Tk. 15,000| Tk. 20,000| Tk. 25,000| Tk. 30,000| For Maternity Benefit, an Extra Premium @40% shall be charged on the Basic Premium of the beneficiary groupGroup Discount Schedule| Size of Group| Size of Group| Uo to 100| Uo to 100| 101 – 500| 101 – 500| 501 – 1000| 501 – 1000| 1001 – 2000| 1001 – 2000| 2001 ; Above| 2001 ; Above| No Claim Discount Schedule| No Claim Years| Discount on Renewal Premium| One Year| 10%| Two Consecutive Years| 20%| Three Consecutive Years| 30%| | | | | | | | | | | | | VAT if imposed by government, shall have to be paid by the organization concerned. N. B. For large groups a â€Å"fixed premium rate† irrespective of the age is offere d upon recieving the list of members to be insured. Customized Plan Benefit Schedule ; Premium Rate * Benefits desired has to be provided by the client A â€Å"fixed premium rate† irrespective of age is offered on receipt of the list of members to be insured. How to get a Group Hospitalization Insurance Proposal? * For Proposal: Fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to our contact address.. * For Quatation: Fill in the â€Å"Proposal Request Form† and send it to our contact address accompanied by the list of members to be insured with following details. Sl#| Name| Date of Birth| *Status| Benefit Grade| | | | | | *Status means rank of an employee or his relationship with dependant (spouse/children) Individual Hospitalization Insurance Plan * Bengali Leaflet * Proposal Form Overseas Mediclaim Policy (OMP)This is a distinctive Health Insurance Policy issued to travelers only. It is also a pre-requisite for Visa application of developed countries. The Policy is issued to Bangladeshi Nationals and Foreigners resident in Bangladesh Overseas Mediclaim Policy issued by Delta Life is universally accepted by all foreign Embassies and High Commissions in Bangladesh. Types of Policy * Plan A: For visiting any Country of the World (except USA ; Canada) * Plan B: For visiting all Countries of the World Coverage under both Plan A ; Plan B exceeds â‚ ¬30,000 EURO Key Features of the Policy * Age Limit : Policy issued to Individuals from the age of 6 months to 65 years. Nationality: Policy issued to Bangladeshi and Foreigner Resident in Bangladesh * Covered Expenses: Treatment expenses incurred for sudden and unexpected illness or accident while on tour abroad. * Maximum Benefit: * Plan A: US $50,000 (Fifty Thousand US Dollar) * Plan B: US $100,000 (One Hundred Thousand US Dollar) How to take out an â€Å"Overseas Mediclaim Policy† * Fill in a â€Å"Proposal Form†. * Attach photocopy of the first five pages of the passport * Enclose required amount of premium in cash as per â€Å"Premium Rate Chart†. Send those these to Health Insurance Department at the Head office of Delta Life *Physical presence or Photograph of proposer is not required. *it takes only about 30 minutes to get an Overseas Mediclaim Policy. â€Å"Proposal Form† is also available at Head Office and Agency Offices of Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. d